Détective privé. Le but justifie l'enquête.

[Объединенное Детективное Бюро]

Private detective. The purpose justifies the consequence.

Do you want to get protection from the state? Contact a private investigator. There is no contradiction here - in contrast to Western countries in Russia, the role of a private detective lies not only in the investigation of the crime, but also in interaction with law enforcement agencies.

ALEXEY BOYARSKY Do it yourself
As a preamble, here is the story told by management consultant Dmitry Khlebnikov. Several years ago, an emergency happened in one large Russian structure: the company's internal auditor, who was sent on a business trip to a controlled plant, was killed. Since the plant is a city-forming enterprise, the local police threw all their forces into the investigation. Together with the security service (SB) of the company, she established the data of both the customers and the perpetrators of the murder. But since the killers left the city immediately after the crime was committed, they had to be put on the All-Russian wanted list. Having dropped out of the competence of the “client-oriented” militia, the situation hung - the authorities in other regions have enough of their worries. The employees of the corporate Security Service took up the job, for whom the capture of criminals was a matter of professional honor. After two weeks of operational-search activity, to which she formally did not have the right, the Security Council found criminals. They sat in a country house on the other side of the country. The Security Council put up surveillance at home and immediately turned to local authorities - it was necessary to "officially" take the criminals, especially since there was evidence. However, it turned out that the local prosecutor was not interested in detaining the criminals. Only after he was “motivated” were orders and authorization for detention given. But that’s not all: the head of the local police department "couldn’t isolate people and vehicles" until he was also "motivated", and local police officers, having a direct indication of the detention of criminals, refused to enter the house: "What if they are armed? necessary - you take them! " As a result, it turned out that the SB officers uncovered the crime, conducted a search, and even detained the criminals themselves. Then, of course, they handed over to the local police, and then everything went according to the law, but with a little clarification: the Security Service officers controlled the investigation, the preparation of materials, etc. until the trial and the sending of the criminals to the colony. At almost every step, it was necessary to help the authorities - someone really provided professional help and support, but many “helped” in a different sense of the word.

This story is very characteristic - the police as a whole work inefficiently, and if you want to solve the problem legally, the process must be constantly pushed. However, it is a mistake to assume that everything can be solved with money - to pay a particular opera or even to the head of the police department for "personal attention". You can pay, of course, but it won’t help the investigation: the police are so busy that it’s unlikely that they will be able to allocate additional “human hours”. Accordingly, if in a classic detective story a private investigator is addressed because "the police do not have enough brains", then in reality - because the police do not have enough time. “Qualified specialists work in the bodies,” said private investigator Oleg Pytov, head of the agency “Detective RU.” “Only there, dozens, even hundreds of criminal cases are constantly hanging on one opera. me at the same time in the work of only three or four orders. "

Other movie
Only in a detective novel or in a movie does a private detective practically do not interact with the police / police during the investigation phase, but only at the very end transmits irrefutable evidence and gives them to the criminal warm-hearted. In life, if it is necessary to open a case, it implies a constant close partnership with the authorities. According to Alexander Pimkin, general director of the private search detective association Bureau of Investigation, in Russia, a private detective, among other things, acts as a consultant for interaction with law enforcement agencies for a client. "Having a clear understanding of the principles of the work of bodies, having connections and access to specific officials, a private detective can ensure that the victim’s case is attentive," says Alexander Pimkin. “But most importantly, by establishing contact with the opera who is involved in the case, I can agree with him on joint actions - to exchange information, and most importantly, I can be sure that the information collected by me will then be legalized. "

Oleg Pytov: “Dozens, even hundreds of criminal cases, constantly hang in the police at one opera. Naturally, it’s simply impossible to work out all the versions in each case in a quality manner ”
In this case, “legalization” means the official execution of all the collected materials, in particular witness testimony, which is carried out by an employee of the authorities, which is recorded by a private investigator has no legal force. It is often difficult to legalize the evidence gathered, that is, to hand over to the police a fully investigated case. “With respect to Soviet times, police functions in the field of combating crimes in the field of economics have changed significantly,” commented Igor Goloshchapov, chairman of the board of the non-profit partnership “Coordination Center for Security and Detective Service Heads.” of the main tasks, the fight against violations of the law by the entrepreneurs themselves, and crimes against their property are perceived as their own business.Private detectives de facto assume the role of intermediaries in communicating with law enforcement agencies, because, due to past experience, they speak the same language and, unlike a businessman, he is able to objectively assess whether everything is done by employees to solve a problem. Naturally, employees are more frank with veterans of the same bodies. "

In the practice of Oleg Pytov (by the way, he became one of the prototypes for the hero Sergey and Anna Litvinov, authors of detective novels) there was a case illustrating, firstly, one of the fundamental differences between a private detective and a policeman, and secondly, the effectiveness of their joint actions . “A large company, an official supplier of high-speed adhesives to Russia, discovered that a fake shaft was pouring into the market,” says Oleg Pytov. “The company turned to the Economic Crimes Department. Their investigators launched an investigation - they collected information about counterfeit suppliers, but, so to speak, from above, at the level of sharks. To speed up the process, the company invited me, and I, coordinating my actions with the police, went from below to the final sellers. I spent two months at the Cherkizovsky market, made friends with hawkers, drank fake vodka with them, etc. e. All this time there has been an exchange of information with the police. This approach is very effective because it allows you to double-check the information received through different channels. It’s another matter that the police will not engage in such “tracking from the bushes,” and even for two months. as a result of our joint actions, the whole chain was closed in one day: a warehouse, two trucks at customs, one-day firms for customs clearance, the main wholesalers in Russia. "

And one day, police officers asked Oleg Pytov, just like Conan Doyle’s, to help solve the murder. “No, they didn’t appeal because they didn’t have a deductive method,” Oleg Pytov laughs. “It was just that I needed an operative without a cop stamp on my face. For years of working outside my bodies, this stamp seems to have been erased, although some say which is not the end. "

From first love to murder
It happens that private detectives are addressed with the most unusual requests, from a series of those that the police do not deal with. For example, an elderly man turned to Oleg Pytov, who wished to find his first love - a woman born in 1931. It is clear that she is not registered at Odnoklassniki.ru, and nothing is known about her except her maiden name and place of residence sixty years ago. Within a month, a man was found - it cost the customer 30 thousand rubles. Or a case from the practice of Oleg Zimin, general director of the ZOV detective agency: “I was approached by a 39-year-old woman who wanted to find her biological mother. The desire was caused not only by gusts of the soul, but also by practical necessity: her 19-year-old daughter needed a complicated operation eyes, which would be ineffective if the vision problem is hereditary. Information about the biological mother was practically absent, we only had a birth certificate issued in one of the Ukrainian cities where the foster parents of our client were indicated. For three months I was engaged in this matter "Ukrainian private detectives and criminal police officers were involved in my searches. Good luck smiled at us - an exact copy of our client came to the final meeting."

Oleg Zimin: “To reveal an internal corporate thief or bribe taker, sometimes it’s enough to talk with recently dismissed employees”
However, the main orders for private detectives to work with are cases related to the competence of law enforcement agencies: search for missing persons, murders, threats, robberies and, of course, embezzlement at enterprises or other crimes in organizations. For example, it happens that when a person is threatened with reprisal, he runs to the police for protection and receives a response from the joke: "They will kill you, then come." Of course, if the person who insists, then they will accept a statement, according to which they are obliged to carry out an audit — let’s say, to call the person who threatened to talk. The task of the private investigator in this case is to control the implementation of all necessary procedures, possibly at the level of specialized units, in order to ensure the refusal of the crime, if it was really intended.

On guard business
One of the main problems of business is the search for debtors and debt collection. “Debt collection is the bread of collection agencies,” Oleg Zimin comments. “In recent years, private investigators haven’t addressed such matters.” It happens that a detective takes an order to search for the property that actually belongs to the debtor, but only the search will continue to prove in court the connection between the debtor and the debtor, or the client will take out the debt using other methods.

Another thing is the disclosure of thefts in enterprises and verification of the reliability of hired personnel. “We invited a technologist to work on setting up production equipment,” says Sergey Malofeykin, managing partner of Euroservice Group of Companies. “After receiving an advance payment, he disappeared along with equipment purchased on his initiative to introduce new technological methods. When the police filed a complaint the employee immediately said that the material has little evidence and the time frame for the investigation of the case could be delayed. There was no result for three months. As a result, our Security Council went out to relatives, friends, and former colleagues of this technologist. In one of these conversations, they learned from a former employer that "a similar incident occurred not only with us. In fact, we were dealing with a fraudster. A person was found through a chain of contacts, after which they again came to law enforcement agencies with a case that was actually opened, which needed only administrative support."

Vyacheslav Sergeev: “When the question of personnel verification arises, it is much easier to transfer money to a detective agency under an agreement - how and with whom they then share them does not concern us”
In most cases, the goal set for private investigators or the internal security service is not to punish and compensate, but to identify and dismiss, for example, a bad boss or top manager receiving kickbacks. Traders do not like to attract the attention of authorities. Then the collected evidence may not have legal weight, but be sufficient for the customer. For example, one of the most difficult crimes to solve is a bribe or a kickback. For a business owner, evidence can be provided by video surveillance, telephone conversations, intercepted emails obtained by his own security service. But if the bribe taker is neat? “There are a lot of methods,” Oleg Zimin comments. “For example, one of the directions for revealing internal corporate crimes is working with lists of employees and those who have been dismissed in recent years. The latter are often knowledgeable about the company’s kitchen and can tell a lot of interesting things about their former colleagues. implicated in crime along with those remaining on staff. " However, it happens that it is necessary to bring the matter to court, and then a full investigation is required. “In Tver, a theft took place in a warehouse of a large enterprise - they broke open boxes lying on the surface and stole goods for about 60 thousand rubles,” said Oleg Zimin. “VOKhR, according to the agreement, was immediately ready to repair the damage. However, after a thorough inventory, it turned out that they stole 50 million rubles! It turned out like in the famous film - “everything was stolen before us,” that is, hacking the boxes was a dramatization to justify the exported goods earlier. just to solve the crime, but also to collect a full-fledged evidence base. As a result, the thieves found (the storekeeper and the warehouse manager) went to trial. "

From chain to outsourcing
Theoretically, internal security officers themselves can act as detectives, only without licenses. However, today not only small, but also large companies, many investigations are outsourced to outside detectives. “Once I worked in the Most group - there were 50-60 people in the Security Council,” says Oleg Zimin. “Today, in large companies that I know, there are two or three people in the Security Council. They carry out some daily duties, and for the rest, agencies are involved as necessary - that's more convenient. " Perhaps the only exception is insurance companies. “We identify 98% of all insurance frauds on our own,” says Anatoly Davydov, head of the security service of RESO-Garantia. “We only engage outside private detectives to search for cars stolen to neighboring countries." According to Davydov, for example, investigations of, for example, theft of the insured property of the Security Service of the company itself are carried out by itself, not always trusting the results of the police report, - police officers may be in collusion with the insured. “It’s inconvenient to use cash in companies where they switched to white bookkeeping for a long time,” comments Vyacheslav Sergeyev, an expert on corporate security. “For example, when the question arises of checking personnel, than making requests to former colleagues and paying them in advance, it’s easier to transfer money under an agreement to an agency - how and with whom they then share them, does not concern us. The same is true with other information that theoretically SB officers can receive through their own channels. "

True, the transfer of detective services to outsourcing has a certain minus for the company - a private investigator, little dependent on the client, is unlikely to take illegal actions such as pressure on caught intruders or wiretapping phones. But SB employees who are completely dependent on the employer often have nowhere to go. Remember the story of Evgeny Chichvarkin and the stealing Euroset forwarder? Now in the dock are representatives of the Security Council of the company, accused of kidnapping. “Such situations were widespread in the“ dashing nineties, ”when the police practically did not work to protect the“ damned bourgeois, ”Igor Goloshchapov commented.“ At present, this is already bad. But the main thing is not in decency, but in the inefficiency and riskiness of such actions The person who went into outright fraud is psychologically prepared for pressure. The owners of a business created in the very nineties are usually people of decisive actions that require security services or partners in the protection of actions that sometimes go beyond the rule of law. it’s quite difficult for such pressure (he pays money). An independent detective who has more than one client will nevertheless be more careful in approaching this issue. " True, one of the anonymous experts expressed the opinion that the chief of the Security Council of Chichvarkin was simply unlucky - the police were in no hurry to protect the forwarder for several years after the abduction, until she had her own interest.

How to get to Baker Street?
It is almost impossible to assess the market volume of private detective services in Russia - there are no reliable statistics. However, it can be argued that the demand for services is growing. "According to my observations, there is a surge in customer activity - the number of requests for advertising has increased dramatically," says Alexander Pimkin. "In addition, the number of offers is also growing - new agency sites appear on the Internet daily."

For a successful resolution of a client’s case, a private detective must have the skills not only to collect information, but also to interact closely with law enforcement agencies
Most likely, the reason for the increased demand is the popularization of services, including due to the informational openness of the detectives themselves. In the mid-90s, only a pager or a "connected" telephone with an answering machine was indicated on the business card of a private detective for contacts, on which you could leave a message and wait for the call back. Now, detectives have become much closer and more understandable to a potential client - information about a detective and his agency can be found on the Internet. But most importantly, over the years, experienced detectives have gained a reputation and overgrown with customers who recommend them new and new. And finally, detective services are relatively affordable: for example, the average cost of a search for an Oleg Zimin missing in an agency is 150 thousand rubles.

Unlike representatives of many other industries, private investigators do not require any special support from the state and do not complain about the law governing their activities. Their license is only a certificate of qualification and no more. "According to the law, a private detective with a license has the right to walk along the street, breathe, talk with citizens, that is, he does not have any other rights that are given to those who do not have a license," says Alexander Pimkin. “There are no rights to carry weapons, or “search actions. But this is not required. Moreover, such rights in our country will be more likely to be harmful! As a detective, I don’t need them, but there is a chance that everyone will buy a license for the sake of legally carrying weapons, as in 90 "with private security guards. The only thing needed is the right to make official requests as part of a specific order for public services. Just like the police do in a criminal case." Note that the same opinion was expressed completely independently of each other by all detectives — experts of this article. Today, requests, of course, are also made, but only through acquaintances in law enforcement agencies. Plus, as Alexander Pimkin noted, it would be nice to give the client the right to write off at least part of the cost of detective services to cost, such as advertising costs.

By the way, the right to inquiries and the ability of a client to write off costs of production costs is almost the only thing that distinguishes our legislation from the norms in force in European countries. “A congress of the World Association of Detectives was held several years ago in Moscow, at which a report was presented on the topic of interaction between private detectives and law enforcement agencies,” recalls Igor Goloshchapov. “We expected to draw useful experience, but we got confused. A French speaker said that I’m ready to keep within 30 seconds, since there is no interaction between private detectives and law enforcement agencies, and it cannot be. For us it was a shock. He also cited the example that the inscription of a private detective in Italy flaunts a large print that you are going to present this document are not required to provide any information. "
[DLMURL] https://www.kommersant.ru/ [/ DLMURL]

 

[Матушкин Андрей Николаевич]

Merci!

 

[Азербайджан. Баку.]

Remercier.

 

[Матушкин Андрей Николаевич]

Remercier.

Merci d'avoir travaillé sur le forum. +1