Araştırmacı bakım: dedektiflik faaliyeti hakkında bir yasa taslağı hazırlandı

[НСК-СБ]

Detective care: the law on detective work has been prepared​

Law enforcement officers will be obliged to share official information with private detectives​

The State Duma has developed a draft law on detective work (available to Izvestia). As stated in the document, private detectives plan to give the right to search not only for missing people, but also debtors, as well as to obtain the necessary information from various departments, including the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB. The representatives of the detective community themselves do not believe that the bill will change the attitude of law enforcement agencies to their work. And the opinions of the experts interviewed by Izvestia were divided: some believe that the legislative innovation is aimed more at obtaining benefits than protecting the rights of citizens, while others believe that private detective activities can complement and improve the quality of the preliminary investigation.

Not security guards, but detectives
The draft document on private investigation was developed by the deputy from "United Russia" Anatoly Vyborny and is ready for submission to the State Duma.

- Currently, detective work is regulated in the same law as private security activities of 1992. Although these two spheres have practically nothing in common. Security activities are aimed at ensuring the safety of the property of legal entities and individuals, protecting the life and health of protected citizens. While detective work is a kind of investigative, legal work, and its content is the collection of information within the framework of the services provided, " Anatoly Vyborny told Izvestia
According to the parliamentarian, a separate law is also necessary for a significant change in the legal regulation in this area.

- The bill defines not only the legal relations arising in connection with the implementation of detective work, but also the goals and principles of participants, their rights and obligations, legal protection, the procedure for interaction of detective organizations with law enforcement agencies, establishes a system of guarantees of the legality of their work, — the deputy explained.

In addition, the document provides for the emergence of new concepts: "detective organization", "employee of a detective organization", "customer of a detective service", "detective events", "results of detective activity", as well as"detective mystery".
The bill does not specify who will exercise control over the activities of detectives. Now the function of the regulator is assigned to Rosgvardiya. The agency did not rule out that with the adoption of the document, the control system may be adjusted.
— Today, a little more than 900 private detectives are registered in Russia. And the statistics of recent years show an annual decrease in their number, - said "Izvestia" in Rosgvardiya. — In the current legislation, the concept of "detective organization" is absent, and, accordingly, the implementation of such activities by the company is illegal.
The ministry also noted that issues with re-accreditation or renewal of existing licenses will be resolved after the adoption of the bill.

Outside the law
Under the current legislation, private detectives have the right to only search for missing people, and the innovation will allow them to take other cases, including the search for debtors.
Today, a private detective can conduct an independent investigation in a criminal case only after informing the court and the investigation about it. Such specialists are also prohibited from using the databases of law enforcement agencies. At the same time, all official authorities do not respond to the requests of detectives. The bill is aimed at changing the situation in this direction as well.
But in the detective community itself, the probability of passing the bill is still perceived skeptically. Russian society is not yet ready for the active work of private detectives, and neither the Ministry of Internal Affairs nor the FSB will quickly contact private detectives, says the president of the International Association of Private Detectives IAPD Andrey Matushkin.

— The maximum that we can now find out, for example, whether a particular person studied at such and such a university. Even if the law obliges agencies to respond to requests from private detectives, this does not mean that we will receive all the information we are interested in, "Andrey Matushkin told Izvestia.

According to him, the most progressive legislation is in force in the United States, where detectives have the same powers as state detectives. They not only have access to law enforcement databases, but also have the right to detain criminals.

Andrey Matushkin also noted that it is best to transfer control over detective work to the Ministry of Justice, because Rosgvardiya today only keeps records of the number of private detectives. In addition, it is necessary to change the system of issuing licenses. The main requirement should be experience in law enforcement and training with experienced colleagues, he said.
The Ministry of Justice responded to the request of Izvestia that the draft law has not yet been submitted to the ministry for consideration.

Benefit or protection?
The main purpose of the bill is to make a profit, since the expansion of the powers of private detectives will lead to an increase in the cost of their services, says Ivan Solovyov, a member of the Scientific Advisory Council of the IC of Russia.

- The protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the customer is put in the second place in the draft law. And the list of detective actions in fact represents the reduced powers of the state bodies carrying out operational and investigative activities, - the lawyer explained to Izvestia. — For example, in the chapter regulating the interaction of private owners with law enforcement agencies, it is written that this is possible only on the basis of agreements. It turns out that the detective will have the right to refuse to inform law enforcement officers about the identified threats to the security of the individual, society, the state, about upcoming crimes and to assist in the search, citing the absence of such an agreement.
According to him, the bill is rather aimed at reviving the market of detective services. At the same time, the requirement of mandatory professional training may turn out to be profanation, and then everyone who wants to become a detective will simply be able to buy a" crust " of a detective.

Nver Gasparyan, adviser to the Russian Federal Chamber of Lawyers (FPA), has a different opinion. He believes that the bill is necessary — the services of private detectives can be in demand, especially in large cities. So, they may be required when collecting information, items and documents for participants in arbitration, criminal, administrative and civil proceedings, when collecting information, items and documents for the applicant about the crime.

"Few people can use both a lawyer and a detective at the same time. In criminal proceedings, private detectives can identify important witnesses and obtain other information that is relevant to the case. Ideally, such activities should complement and improve the quality of the preliminary investigation. In some aspects, the functions of lawyers and private detectives may coincide. For example, both have the right to interview people with their consent, to collect documents. However, only private detectives have the right to conduct detective investigations and search for persons and property, collect information, "the lawyer told Izvestia.

At the same time, the representative of the FPA did not rule out that the active involvement of private detectives in civil relations may create a problem of abuse of their rights, violation of the privacy of citizens, appropriation of the powers of law enforcement agencies.

However, the bill in such cases provides, in particular, the cancellation of the license, the termination of the legal status of the detective, as well as control over their activities by the authorized state body and supervision by the prosecutor's office.

 

[НСК-СБ]

Private detectives can be equated with police assistants​

Deputies of the State Duma will consider a bill according to which private detectives can be allowed to search not only for missing people, but also for debtors. In addition, they will have the right to use the data of various departments, such as the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB. To do this, you will need to make special requests.

Now the activities of private investigation are regulated by a document adopted in 1992. He equates it with security activities. Moreover, the text does not contain such a thing as a"detective organization". Therefore, private detectives can work on the condition that they have notified the investigation and the court about it.

Oleg Pytov, a private detective, shared his opinion on the situation in this service sector on Radio 1.

"I always perceive all legislative initiatives related to detective work with positive emotions. There have been no global changes since 1992. At the same time, there were toughenings, amendments and additions. In principle, the law is not one, it is combined with security activities. And this is not the same as a detective story, " Pytov said.
The detective noted that significant amendments were made to the law in 2010. Then private detectives were allowed to search for the property of debtors and people who hide their children despite the court's decision.

"At the same time, we are very slowly moving towards equating a private detective with a law enforcement assistant. The police are inundated with applications, and a part of this work could be delayed by a private detective, " the speaker added.

He drew attention to the fact that in most cases, representatives of law enforcement agencies – the FSB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and intelligence-go in this direction. But at the same time, there are also gifted people. The interlocutor of" Radio 1 " noted that in Moscow you can meet women detectives. Some of them studied under Pytov at one time. Their ingenuity, experience and analytics, combined with a legal education, allow them to cope with the tasks set – to help people.

"A private detective is a person who knows everything a little bit. This includes tax legislation, inheritance law, divorce proceedings, and real estate activities. Because the whole sphere of private investigation is somehow connected with the life that surrounds us, "the source told Radio 1 in conclusion.

He also added that you can get a diploma of a private detective in a special school. Next, you will need to issue a license in Rosgvardiya.

Now there are about a thousand registered private detectives in Russia. The leaders in the number of specialists are Moscow and the Moscow region. There are 132 and 77 detectives working there, respectively.
Mira Alexa, Kamila Kamaeva, Ekaterina Timoshenko

 

[НСК-СБ]

Private detectives in search of earnings. Who benefits from the draft law on detective work​

In the 1990s, people in Russia learned from American books and films that in addition to police operas, it turns out that private detectives can also conduct investigations. And then economic transformations and market relations made it inevitable that the law "On private Detective and Security Activities"would appear in our country. The legislator quite logically for that time decided to combine these two types of business activity in one regulatory regulatory act. However, although detective work was put in the first place in the title of the law, since 1992, we have been developing security services more actively. It is difficult to argue with life, and its specifics were then such that many people needed protection.

At the same time, de facto detective work was carried out for the most part under the same PSC, where former operational law enforcement officers went to work. Get information, track and listen-this is the main list of services that were provided and are provided by default today. But this is mainly only for verified customers who, after receiving the necessary information, then do not ask how it was obtained.

This situation seemed to suit everyone, but recently a draft law on private detective activity appeared in the information space. Now it has already been submitted to the State Duma. For a law that regulates one of the types of business activity at the intersection with the powers of law enforcement agencies, it is well prepared from a legal point of view. But if the deputies get a team to promote it, then there will undoubtedly be a lot of work to bring the text into its proper form.

However, why did the bill appear now? What kind of need and goal setting is this? What is wrong with the norms of the current law? I doubt that at present the demand for the services of private detectives has increased dramatically in Russian society, so it was necessary to adopt a separate law regulating their activities. And at the height of the coronavirus pandemic, when all activity froze.

On the other hand, new parliamentary elections are not far off, we need to introduce the necessary bills in order to have time to consider them for the spring session of 2021. Such a law will inevitably cause a lot of discussion, coordination with the law enforcement and supervisory blocks, and this is not a quick story. But if the supporters of the bill manage to concentrate the political will and clearly explain the need for its adoption, then there is a small chance to pass a new norm in the current convocation.

There is another version. The adoption of the bill will restructure the market for these services, will make it possible to remove unnecessary and uncooperative. And to build the rest in a new reality of obtaining licenses, passing training, issuing certificates, etc. Still, they understand that the more powers they have, the more expensive the services are. And the controlling state body is not specified in the draft. Today, the private detective and security business is controlled by Rosgvardiya. But in the project, there is not a word about it.

I think now is the time to say a few words about the project itself, maybe after that something will be clarified. So, the author of the text narrowed the subject of legal regulation from private detective and security activities to exclusively detective activities, trying to simultaneously prescribe a conceptual apparatus. At the same time, the emphasis is placed from the very beginning: the main goal of detective work is to make a profit, and the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the customer is put in second place.

Types of professional secrets are supplemented with a new type – detective secret, which implies that a private investigator can not disclose the information received without the permission of the customer. Moreover, the detective is not subject to questioning as a witness about the circumstances that became known to him from the participants in the trial.

The list of services provided by detectives is dominated by the collection of various types of information, market research (isn't it the same collection of information about the market?), fact-finding, establishing biographical data, conducting investigations, searching for different categories of persons, as well as missing persons, consulting, searching for lost property. The list of detective activities in fact represents the reduced powers of the bodies that carry out operational investigative activities.

The greatest sadness of candidates for private detectives will cause the provisions on licensing (issued for five years throughout the Russian Federation) in terms of the fact that a detective can not be a citizen who has not passed professional training in a specialized course of professional training in a specialized educational institution. You don't need to be a genius to understand that there are huge funds behind these provisions. No one will teach anyone for free. Most likely, this will become a profanation, an entrance ticket to the market for each applicant, which will simply need to be paid. The monetary potential of this norm is crazy.

But, as we have already noted, for some reason, there is no authorized state body that will carry out licensing and control measures in relation to detective organizations and detectives, as well as issue them the coveted certificates of the established sample.

The big question is the restriction according to which a detective can not be a citizen who has a criminal record for committing an intentional crime. And unintentional? Murder, for example. Or any other situation where the commission of a crime becomes possible due to a person's lack of organization and discipline, negligence, or a frivolous attitude to possible grave consequences. And we want to allow such a person to engage in activities related to the protection of the rights of the client?

The main duty of detective organizations is prescribed conscientious provision of services – simple, but should encourage the client. In the chapter regulating interaction with law enforcement agencies, it is stated that this is possible only on the basis of agreements. It turns out that the detective will have the right to refuse to inform law enforcement officers about the identified threats to the security of the individual, society, and the state; about upcoming crimes; and to assist in the search, citing the absence of such an agreement.

In general, it is impossible to call this project anything other than the finest hour for private detectives. At the same time, the main goal of detective work is spelled out-making a profit. Although, judging by the text of the draft, here and many other participants in such activities are not forgotten and will not remain aloof from this division.

 

[НСК-СБ]

Deputies proposed to give more rights to private detectives: they will be able to legally monitor​

The information collected by the Pickertons will be attached to the criminal case​

The work of private detectives may be legalized in the near future. Investigations of the Russian Sherlock Holmes will become full-fledged evidence in the courts. And the detectives themselves will be able to safely track down unfaithful spouses and even meet with their clients in the pre-trial detention center.

Deputies and representatives of the detective business themselves propose to seriously expand the powers of private detectives. A package of amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code and the law on private detective activity can be submitted to the State Duma before the new year. As the private detectives themselves complain, now the results of their work can not be sewn to any case. Officially, only the results of operational and investigative activities that law enforcement officers are engaged in can be used as evidence. The investigations of private detectives can be used only if the investigator or the judge so wishes. Moreover, it is not the detective himself, but his client or lawyer, who has the right to apply for the inclusion of materials. The prepared amendments to the CPC eliminate this injustice.

Detective investigations will become the same full-fledged sources of evidence in a criminal case as the work of operatives. In addition, the detectives want to get the right to meet with persons involved in criminal cases in the pre-trial detention center on a par with the defenders. Also, the law may include a clause on mandatory insurance of professional risks of private detectives. This will be a good guarantee for customers and will make the market of detective services more attractive, experts believe. To make it easier for detectives to work, the amendments include a clause granting them the right to send official requests to state bodies. Responses to such requests will become mandatory. In addition, the functionality of private detectives is planned to be expanded.

Their powers include the collection of information on criminal, civil and administrative cases, the search for missing persons, the property of debtors and children who, contrary to court decisions, are sheltered by one parent from another. It is also proposed to separately prescribe the rights of computer specialists who collect information on the Internet. Finally, the detectives plan to appeal to the Supreme Court for explanations for the servants of Themis on how they should use the results of private investigations.

 

[Владимир Балагутдинов]

Сыскная забота: подготовлен закон о детективной деятельности

Правоохранителей обяжут делиться с частными сыщиками служебной информацией​

В Госдуме разработали законопроект о детективной деятельности (имеется в распоряжении «Известий»). Как сказано в документе, частных сыщиков планируют наделить правом вести розыск не только пропавших без вести людей, но и должников, а также получать необходимую информацию у различных ведомств, включая МВД и ФСБ. Сами представители детективного сообщества не верят, что законопроект изменит отношение правоохранительных органов к их работе. А мнения опрошенных «Известиями» экспертов разделились: одни полагают, что законодательная новация направлена скорее на получение выгоды, чем на защиту прав граждан, другие уверены, что частная сыскная деятельность может дополнить и улучшить качество предварительного следствия.

Не охранники, а сыщики
Проект документа о частном сыске разработан депутатом от «Единой России» Анатолием Выборным и готов для внесения в Госдуму.

— В настоящее время детективная деятельность регламентируется в одном законе с частной охранной деятельностью от 1992 года. Хотя две эти сферы практически не имеют ничего общего. Охранная деятельность направлена на обеспечение сохранности имущества юридических и физических лиц, защиту жизни и здоровья охраняемых граждан. В то время как детективная представляет собой разновидность разыскной, юридической работы, а ее содержанием является сбор сведений в рамках оказываемых услуг, — сказал «Известиям» Анатолий Выборный
По словам парламентария, отдельный закон необходим и для существенного изменения правового регулирования в этой сфере.

— Законопроект определяет не только правовые отношения, возникающие в связи с осуществлением детективной деятельности, но также цели и принципы участников, их права и обязанности, правовую защиту, порядок взаимодействия детективных организаций с правоохранительными органами, закрепляет систему гарантий законности их работы, — пояснил депутат.

Кроме того, документ предусматривает появление новых понятий: «детективная организация», «работник детективной организации», «заказчик детективной услуги», «детективные мероприятия», «результаты детективной деятельности», а также «детективная тайна».
Кто будет осуществлять контроль за деятельностью детективов, в законопроекте не прописано. Сейчас функция регулятора возложена на Росгвардию. В ведомстве не исключили, что с принятием документа система контроля может быть скорректирована.
— Сегодня в России зарегистрировано чуть больше 900 частных детективов. И статистика последних лет показывает ежегодное снижение их числа, — заявили «Известиям» в Росгвардии. — В действующем законодательстве понятие «детективная организация» отсутствует, и, соответственно, осуществление такой деятельности компанией является незаконным.
В ведомстве также отметили, что вопросы с переаккредитацией или продлением имеющихся лицензий будут решаться уже после принятия законопроекта.

Вне закона
По действующему законодательству частные детективы имеют право заниматься только розыском без вести пропавших людей, а нововведение позволит им брать и другие случаи, в том числе поиск должников.
Сегодня проводить самостоятельно расследование по уголовному делу частный детектив может только после того, как поставит об этом в известность суд и следствие. Таким специалистам запрещается пользоваться и базами данных правоохранительных органов. При этом все официальные инстанции на запросы детективов не реагируют. Законопроект направлен на изменение ситуации и в этом направлении.
Но в самом детективном сообществе вероятность принятия законопроекта воспринимают пока скептически. Российское общество еще не готово к активной деятельности частных детективов, а ни МВД, ни ФСБ быстро на контакт с частниками не пойдут, считает президент Международной ассоциации частных детективов IAPD Андрей Матушкин.

— Максимум, что мы сейчас можем узнать, например, учился ли в таком-то вузе конкретный человек. Даже если закон и обяжет ведомства отвечать на запросы частных детективов, это еще не значит, что мы получим всю интересующую нас информацию, — сказал «Известиям» Андрей Матушкин.

По его словам, самое прогрессивное законодательство действует в США, где детективы обладают теми же полномочиями, что и государственные сыщики. Они не только имеют доступ к базам правоохранительных органов, но и обладают правом задержания преступников.

Андрей Матушкин также заметил, что контроль за детективной деятельностью лучше всего передать Минюсту, потому что Росгвардия сегодня лишь ведет учет количества частных сыщиков. Кроме того, необходимо изменить и систему выдачи лицензий. Главным требованием должны быть опыт работы в правоохранительных органах и прохождение обучения у опытных коллег, считает он.
В Минюсте на запрос «Известий» ответили, что законопроект на рассмотрение в ведомство пока не поступал.

Выгода или защита?
Основная цель законопроекта — получение прибыли, так как расширение полномочий частных детективов приведет к удорожанию их услуг, считает член научно-консультативного совета СК России Иван Соловьев.

— Защита прав и законных интересов заказчика в законопроекте поставлена на второе место. А перечень детективных мероприятий по факту представляет собой урезанные полномочия госорганов, осуществляющих оперативно-разыскную деятельность, — пояснил «Известиям» юрист. — Например, в главе, регулирующей взаимодействие частников с правоохранительными органами, прописано, что это возможно только на основании соглашений. Получается, что детектив будет вправе отказать правоохранителям в информировании о выявленных угрозах безопасности личности, обществу, государству, о готовящихся преступлениях и в оказании содействия в розыске, ссылаясь на отсутствие такого соглашения.
По его словам, законопроект скорее направлен на оживление рынка сыскных услуг. При этом требование обязательного прохождения профессионального обучения может оказаться профанацией, и тогда каждый желающий стать детективом просто сможет купить себе «корочки» сыщика.

У советника Федеральной палаты адвокатов (ФПА) России Нвера Гаспаряна другое мнение. Он считает, что законопроект необходим — услуги частных детективов могут быть востребованы, особенно в больших городах. Так, они могут потребоваться при сборе сведений, предметов и документов для участников арбитражного, уголовного, административного и гражданского производств, при сборе сведений, предметов и документов для заявителя о преступлении.

— Мало кто способен одновременно пользоваться услугами и адвоката, и детектива. В уголовном процессе частные детективы могут устанавливать важных свидетелей и получать иную информацию, имеющую значение для дела. В идеале такая деятельность должна дополнять и улучшать качество предварительного следствия. В некоторых аспектах функции адвокатов и частных детективов могут совпадать. Например, и те и другие вправе опрашивать лиц с их согласия, осуществлять сбор документов. Однако только частные детективы вправе проводить детективные расследования и осуществлять поиск лиц и имущества, сбор сведений, — сказал «Известиям» адвокат.

При этом представитель ФПА не исключил, что активное вовлечение частных детективов в гражданские отношения может создать проблему злоупотребления их своими правами, нарушения тайны частной жизни граждан, присвоения полномочий правоохранительных органов.

Впрочем, законопроект в таких случаях предусматривает, в частности, аннулирование лицензии, прекращение правового статуса детектива, а также контроль за их деятельностью со стороны уполномоченного государственного органа и надзор со стороны прокуратуры.

Сыскная забота: подготовлен закон о детективной деятельности

Правоохранителей обяжут делиться с частными сыщиками служебной информацией

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Очень правильно,я бы сказал искренне!!!! Спасибо!!!! Вопрос вот с лицензией думаю самый сложный,я не против ,что бы бывшие оперативные работники получали статус детектива,но почему только они? А другие "бывшие" работники силовых структур чем не достойны этой возможности? Не понимаю. А потом вопрос обучения,где должен человек обучаться? Например в свердловской области я не знаю образовательного центра,и что теперь!? Пусть тогда разрешают дистант или самостоятельное обучение,но должен тогда быть и план одинаковый для всех и вся и обучающие материалы...а иначе как? Права у нас уважаемые товарищи одинаковые ,почему я например не могу стать детективом по простой на то причине,что не могу пройти обучение, ввиду отсутствия соответствующей образовательной организации по месту жительства?

 

[Alexander Konovalenko.]

In Veliky Novgorod, a private detective was first taught at the university at the Faculty of Law, and that only two years, admitted to study at the age of 18 to 30. Full-time education - two months. I wanted to study I was 35. I was told that I was already old. After that they tried to teach private investigation at the police school, there was only one graduation, only 7 people, and then they took only former employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. After the police school was closed. Now there is a school that trains only private security guards, but there are no detectives, they say there is no permission to train them. I would like to study, but nowhere.

 

[Владимир Балагутдинов]

In Veliky Novgorod, a private detective was first taught at the university at the Faculty of Law, and that only two years, admitted to study at the age of 18 to 30. Full-time education - two months. I wanted to study I was 35. I was told that I was already old. After that they tried to teach private investigation at the police school, there was only one graduation, only 7 people, and then they took only former employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. After the police school was closed. Now there is a school that trains only private security guards, but there are no detectives, they say there is no permission to train them. I would like to study, but nowhere.

Strange position under 30! This is some kind of discrimination .... In general, everything is damp (