Detectives Abroad

[Марат]

Detectives Abroad


GERMAN PRIVATE DETECTIVES DO NOT TAKE THEIR BREAD FROM THE POLICE

Only the International Union of Investigators (BID), with headquarters in Frankfurt am Main, has more than 150 companies in Germany and Austria. An even more numerous organization is the Union of German Detectives (BDD) led by Evelina Wipperman from the city of Bielefeld. The International Commission of Detective Unions and other campaigns operate on the territory of the country. Today in Germany, private detective services are offered from 1,500 to 2,000 professionals who have undergone special training in the police or other services. Almost every such office has its own website on the Internet, many publish newspapers and magazines. And the most creative detectives conduct so-called anti-theft lessons on TV, demonstrating in stores and on the streets how easier it is to commit theft or fraud, and how to protect yourself from these crimes. The activities of private detectives are regulated by paragraph 193 of the German Criminal Code. It is defined by law as follows: a detective works in cases where it is possible not to involve a policeman in the case. The list of services is immense: this is the collection of dirt on the unfaithful spouse, and the establishment of paternity, and the search for debtors. Detectives are even hired to verify the validity of the employee's sick leave. Private inquiries are also being conducted in connection with thefts, unfair competition and plagiarism. However, private detectives also have limitations in their work, because unlike the police or the prosecutor’s office, they have no right to arrest, openly search people and recruit agents. The transaction is executed as a contract under the rules of the Civil Code. Prices are negotiated ahead of time. An hour of outdoor surveillance, for example, costs from 40 to 50 euros. The minimum fee for a trivial task should not fall below 150 euros. But the quality of services is high. German private detectives work reliably and, most importantly, within the framework of the law. Otherwise, the Ministry of Justice will immediately revoke the company’s license.

Sergey ZOLOVKIN, Berlin

POLICE OFFICERS OPEN IN FRANCE

The French claim that the profession of private investigator was born in their country under the name of "private police." The first such bureaus were created in 1825 by the prefect of Paris, the state minister of Delawo. In 1998, in France there were already 2905 private detective offices. This is one of the most common free professions along with lawyers, notaries, accountants and doctors. Investigators must pass exams and obtain a license. They are required to undergo a two-year training course in institutions that have received permission from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Typically, private detective bureaus open when retiring, police and gendarmerie investigators. But the policeman and the prosecutor receive a solid salary, while the income of a private detective depends on professionalism and good luck. It is generally accepted that detectives are mainly engaged in surveillance of unfaithful wives. “This is truly part of their work,” NI was told in the Paris Omaxion bureau. “But not the main one.” Until 1975, adultery was a criminal offense in France. Police conducted investigations of marital infidelity under the mandate of a judge. Now this is an area of private life, and if it is of interest to the rich "cuckolds", then they can only resort to the services of a paid detective. The main field of action of French detectives is economics. Competition between official bodies and private investigations is a myth, because in reality there is a clear division of labor between them. The former deal with criminal and administrative matters, the latter with civil and commercial matters. That is, the police and the gendarmerie protect the interests of society, and detectives protect private interests. The police have no right to intervene in civil and commercial disputes. Private detectives are widely used by company managers, lawyers, notaries and bailiffs. Insurance companies that have to defend themselves against fraud on the part of customers cannot do without them. In France, private investigators can intervene in the criminal process while the police are not involved. Having revealed fraud, the detective is eliminated at the moment when the client transfers the case to the police. Or vice versa: if after the sentencing a person seeks a review of the case, he hires a detective to search for the necessary grounds.

Alexander Mineev, Paris

POLISH DETECTIVES GET VALUABLE INFORMATION IN POLICE

Now on the Polish screens there is a popular television series "Detectives", telling about private detectives. The heroes of the film instantly investigate complex crimes, free hostages, find lost people, return the inheritance, and with it the faith in the justice of the law. According to “NI” in the Warsaw private detective agency “Ader”, as a rule, the most experienced investigators, who made a name for themselves in the public service, leave the police for free bread. The reason is simple - private Sherlock Holmes earn much more than their colleagues in the public sector. They are addressed mainly by wealthy people who can cover the detective’s search costs. And this is sometimes just astronomical amounts. And the salaries of private traders are not an example above. They have good contacts in law enforcement agencies, from which, of course, they do not get the information necessary for their investigations for free. In total, more than 100 private detective agencies work in two millionth Warsaw, and none of them have problems with orders. The lion's share of the work comes from jealous spouses. Serious crimes (murders, armed attacks, robberies) have the right to investigate only civil servants. Although in general there are enough cases for everyone. The other day it became known about the death of the son of a large Polish businessman Olevnik, taken hostage seven years ago, for which the kidnappers have demanded a large ransom for all these years. Subsequently, it turned out that he was killed back in 2003. The police could not release the prisoner. According to the father of the deceased, law enforcement officers neglected the investigation of the crime, whose customer is still not known. Commenting on the investigation into the sensational case in a television interview, well-known in Poland detective Krzysztof Rutkowski noted that it would not be difficult for private investigators to find intruders and rescue the captive. This story is in the hands of commercial agencies. Now, in addition to the police, relatives of the abducted will also attract private owners to their search.

Victor SHANKOV, Warsaw

 

[Краев Евгений Леонидович]

We will strive ...

 

[Турабян Владимир]

THANK! GIVE GOD, SO WE HAVE EVERYTHING WOULD LIKE THERE !!!

 

[Андрей Захаров]

Thanks Marat)))

 

[Роберт]

Very informative. Send more. References to the legislation of foreign countries are very interested.
The position of law enforcement in the west is very interesting. They themselves give the initiative to the detectives, so as not to load themselves. This allows you to keep a much smaller police staff than in Russia. But also provide this police financially at the highest level. Wisely? And how! We learned in 2 years a private policeman - and come on, work!
In France, the police will not go to apartment theft. What for? This is just an insurance case for them in case of "loss" of property. Type as an accident: D

 

[Борис Вячеславович]

thank

 

[Матушкин Андрей Николаевич]

Thank!

 

[Арсен]

Thank you Marat, a very interesting topic!

 

[Марат]

Very informative. Send more. References to the legislation of foreign countries are very interested.
The position of law enforcement in the west is very interesting. They themselves give the initiative to the detectives, so as not to load themselves. This allows you to keep a much smaller police staff than in Russia. But also provide this police financially at the highest level. Wisely? And how! We learned in 2 years a private policeman - and come on, work!
In France, the police will not go to apartment theft. What for? This is just an insurance case for them in case of "loss" of property. Type as an accident: D

I will definitely share interesting material

 

[Орлан]

Thank you, interesting facts.