Why the employer prefers illegal migrants
In some regions, one can buy Russian citizenship for one hundred thousand rubles, says Irina Zisman, chairman of the board of the Society for the Protection of Migrants' Rights. She spoke about this at the round table on the legal protection of migrants. Such a business was put on a grand scale by intermediaries. A legal work permit, if issued through them, costs an average of 20-30 thousand rubles. A patent is slightly cheaper - about 15 thousand, experts gave examples. Now compare. If you go directly to the Federal Migration Service (FMS), then the first document will cost a maximum of 4 thousand rubles, the second - one thousand.
RG decided to investigate the "market" of documents giving the right to live and work in Russia, and to find out with the help of which schemes they can be acquired. Which is what our councilors did
.
As representatives of the diasporas in Yekaterinburg explained, difficulties arise at every stage. You need to find the FMS office, then register somewhere, find an employer who has permission to attract foreigners, and only then get a work permit. It is difficult to go this way yourself and in strictly limited terms, but the intermediaries are ready to substitute the shoulder from the first step. Need a registration? No problem - 1,200 rubles in three months (according to the “price list” in Yekaterinburg), a work permit - up to 20 thousand rubles. Plus medical certificates. Total can "run" 30 thousand.
In the Primorsky Territory, the RG correspondent was told what a migrant should go through to contact the FMS directly. First, stand up for the line. 15-20 applications are accepted per day, reception - only two hours. They stand in line for several days. But not everyone is able to get an appointment - an infomat who issues a number in the queue is periodically occupied by several intermediaries, and when an ordinary single migrant gets to him, it turns out that there are no more coupons. However, if you are lucky, you can immediately buy the ticket from the same intermediary.
Secondly, obtaining a work permit is almost impossible because the quota for foreign workers from neighboring countries sometimes ends in early spring. For example, in Primorye last year it was 3085 people, this year - 3068 and by April it had already been dismantled. Where to go to a law-abiding migrant? Only go to the intermediary, from whom "everything is captured." Or work illegally. However, permission to work with intermediaries in Primorye is somewhat cheaper than in Yekaterinburg, about 18 thousand rubles.
And it is most profitable to contact intermediaries in Perm. As an employee of one of these companies told LR, RG correspondent, they only have a work permit of 1,100 rubles, a residence permit of 4,000 rubles, the same temporary residence permit, a one-year voluntary health insurance policy of 500 rubles. It’s easy to find a company - near the Perm FMS office located in a multi-storey building, doors and walls are hung with ads offering offers to help migrant workers: “Let's file a patent,” “Work permit,” and even “Free Russian language.”
But the matter is not only in the queues. Migrants feed intermediaries for other reasons. As experts explain, the migrant must fill out the applications and most of the documents in Russian, which 90 percent of visitors from Central Asia do not know. They also cannot read billboard ads explaining where to go and what to do to get a work permit. Ignorance of the city and where it is located, where you can complain, play a role. And the companies that undertake the design are located on the central streets, have signs in all languages of the CIS countries, including Uzbek and Tajik.
Intermediaries “help” not only migrants, but also employers.
“An employer must submit an application for attracting a migrant for a year. For example, you have a construction company, by May 1 of this year you must apply for 2014. And in December you won the tender. And you must submit the object on time, you need people, and you don’t have permission, because in April you didn’t know that you would win the tender and guest workers would be needed. You won’t find local workers. And what should you do? Attract foreigners without documents, "said Farukh Mirzoyev, head of the Tajik Somon culture society in Yekaterinburg. Or contact the intermediary.
There are employers who initially apply for a quota and then resell it. They are the intermediaries. The scheme is simple.
The intermediary company receives a quota, within its framework concludes an employment contract with a migrant, on the basis of which he can obtain a legal work permit, and then the person either simply leaves for another employer who does not have a quota, but there is a need for his work, or his sent to work in other companies under an outstaffing agreement.
The intermediary company earns not only on registration of migrants (from 10 to 20 thousand rubles per person), but also on various small related services: making photos, filling out documents in Russian, delivery by bus to a new place of work. For all this extra money is taken - 200, 500, 1000 rubles.
As experts in all regions note, intermediaries are, as a rule, international structures that have access to the right people in government.
In the Trans-Baikal Territory, the situation with labor migrants is different from other regions. The proximity of the border with China determines the ethnic composition of migrant workers. From here, according to Chita entrepreneurs, there are a lot of features. "The Chinese are very organized people. They don’t come to get a job at random - they either go to the large enterprise according to the organizational selection, then the hiring company decides all the documents, or on a tourist visa, but here they dissolve in the ranks of their fellow countrymen in markets or in gardening teams" - said the businessman from Chita, Anatoly Galeev.
The most active labor of wage workers from the Middle Kingdom in Transbaikalia is used in construction. At the same time, the citizens of the PRC have established themselves as conscientious and responsible workers in the most difficult and low-paid jobs, where the indigenous Transbaikal people do not go for anything. “Our company does not resort to intermediaries, contacting exclusively with the regional Federal Migration Service,” says Alexander Barinov, deputy general director of one of the enterprises. “Every year we recruit from 700 to 1000 Chinese workers, but we would like to increase this figure - in Transbaikalia a sharp increase in the pace of construction is expected in the near future. " However, according to builders, the authorities of the Trans-Baikal Territory have not yet met - the government is even talking about reducing quotas in order to attract local labor.
Respect for the Chinese workers in Primorye. If the quota for migrants from the CIS for this year is set at 3068 people, then for workers from far abroad countries - 20 720 (at the request of employers). As noted, workers from China, Vietnam, the DPRK are disciplined, responsible, do only what they came for, do not let the employer down and, without violating the migration rules, because they arrived on a work visa, leave Russia in time. Yes, the same Chinese specialists cost significantly more than the Central Asian workers without qualifications, but the Chinese labor productivity is several times higher than that of the "esengized" workers, they say in Primorye.
By the way, the Chinese are also attracted to the south of Russia, but ... as skilled workers. In one of the villages of the Kuban, employers managed to register 200 Chinese people involved in agricultural work to collect potatoes and strawberries as qualified specialists outside the quotas for work permits. In early September, they still continued to work in the fields of the region, although the FMS began to deal with them closely.
All these stories indicate that the time has come to deal with the intermediary activities of paperwork firms, experts say. And simplify some procedures for legalizing migrants.
Officially
In recent months, the head of the Federal Migration Service, Konstantin Romodanovsky, held several meetings with representatives of the business community at which he criticized the current quota system for foreign labor. According to him, it has long been outdated and is especially not relevant for small and medium-sized businesses, which often may need work hands unexpectedly. Instead, Romodanovsky proposes to introduce a Western European model, according to which employers should post vacancies in the database of the state employment service. If for several months they do not deal with local residents, the employer should automatically receive the right to attract foreign specialists. "We will work out such a mechanism, discuss it with other federal bodies and insist on its implementation," said the head of the FMS. In this case, the government will have to determine the maximum share of foreign workers in the economy. True, there is one danger, he noted, the artificial understatement of salaries, initially focused on unpretentious migrants. “We examined the database of vacancies in different regions and compared the proposed salaries for a number of jobs, for which migrants are mainly invited with the average salary in the region. The difference is 3-4 times,” he says.
Direct speech
Evgeny Bobrov, member of the Presidential Council for the Development of Civil Society and Human Rights, head of the permanent commission on migration policy:
- You can buy almost any document in Russia: registration at the place of stay, work permit, diploma of graduation, a Russian passport. Moreover, a fake passport costs 80 thousand rubles, and a real one, whose number will be registered in the FMS database, is only 20 thousand rubles more expensive - one hundred thousand. We conducted an experiment - a person bought a passport, entered his number in the desired column on the website of the migration service and received a verdict - the document is real. We tried to ask a question to one of the deputy head of the FMS - how can this be? But they did not receive a clear answer.
Our commission began the fight against the trade in documents in December. We registered a well-known human rights activist Svetlana Gannushkina and several other people in the “rubber apartment” through the company. As a result, the courier called me from a mobile phone to arrange an appointment for the transfer of documents. A diploma of graduation on a form of state sign costs from 300 thousand rubles. "Make rights" - 100 thousand. The reaction of the Zelenograd OBEP to our appeal was interesting. We told them the coordinates of the companies selling documents, they rang, the courier made an appointment (not knowing what he was talking to law enforcement officials), but the OBEP officers did not go to her. Why? The courier made an appointment not in Zelenograd, but near the metro, and this is not their territory and leaving there is not their duty, which means there is no crime.
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