That would be clear what I mean .... When developing "standards" ....
Standardization is an activity aimed at the development and establishment of requirements, norms, rules and characteristics (mandatory and recommended), ensuring the right of the consumer to purchase goods of good quality at an affordable price, as well as the right to safety and comfort of work. The purpose of standardization is to achieve the optimal degree of streamlining in a particular field of activity through the widespread and repeated use of established provisions, requirements and norms for solving real, planned or potential problems.
Standardization is associated with concepts such as the object of standardization and the scope of standardization.
The object of standardization is a product, process or service for which certain requirements, characteristics, parameters, rules, etc. are being developed. Standardization can concern either the whole object or its individual components.
The field of standardization is a set of interconnected objects of standardization. For example, mechanical engineering is the field of standardization, and the objects of standardization in mechanical engineering can be technological processes of manufacturing machines, metal materials, types of engines, etc.
In accordance with ISO / IEC Guide 2, the following types of regulatory documents recommended in the State Standardization System of the Russian Federation are recommended: standards, technical specifications, codes of practice, regulations (technical regulations).
A standard is a normative document developed by consensus, approved by a recognized body and aimed at achieving the optimal degree of streamlining in a particular area. The standard establishes for general and repeated use the general principles, rules and characteristics regarding the content of various activities or their results. Standards are developed based on the achievements of science, technology and best practices; they contain indicators that guarantee the possibility of improving the quality of products (and the efficiency of its production), as well as the level of its interchangeability. The technical specifications document establishes the technical requirements for a product, process or service.
The set of rules is usually developed for the design processes, installation of equipment and structures, maintenance or operation of objects, structures and products. The technical rules contained in the document are advisory in nature. The set of rules can be an independent standard or an independent document, as well as part of the standard.
A regulation is a document that contains binding legal norms. The regulation is adopted by the authority, and not by the standardization body. A variety of regulations - technical regulations - contains technical requirements for the standardization object.
Normative documents on standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law “On Standardization”. Such regulatory documents include: state standards of the Russian Federation (GOST R); international and regional standards applied in accordance with legal norms, as well as rules, norms and recommendations for standardization; All-Russian classifiers of technical and economic information; industry standards; enterprise standards; standards of scientific, technical, engineering and other public associations. Until recently, the standards of the former USSR also apply, if they do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation.
In addition to standards, normative documents are also PR - rules for standardization, P - recommendations for standardization and technical specifications - technical conditions.
State standards are developed for products, works and services, the needs of which are cross-industry. Standards of this category are adopted by the State Standard of the Russian Federation, and if they relate to the field of construction, architecture, building materials industry - Gosstroy of the Russian Federation.
State standards contain mandatory requirements for the object of standardization and recommendatory.
Mandatory requirements include: safety of the product, service, process, for human health, the environment and property, as well as industrial safety and sanitary standards; technical and informational compatibility and product interchangeability; unity of control methods and unity of labeling. Safety requirements are especially relevant, since product safety is the main aspect of conformity certification.
The safety requirements in the standards include: electrical safety, fire safety, explosion safety, radiation safety, maximum permissible concentrations of chemical and polluting substances, safety when servicing machinery and equipment; requirements for protective equipment and measures to ensure safety (fences, vehicle travel stops, blocking devices, emergency alarms, etc.).
Industry standards are developed in relation to the products of a particular industry. The requirements of industry standards should not contradict the mandatory requirements of state standards, as well as the rules and safety standards established for the industry. Government bodies (for example, ministries) adopt such standards that are responsible for meeting the requirements of industry standards with the mandatory requirements of GOST R. The objects of industry standardization are: products, processes and services specific to the industry; rules regarding the organization of work on industry standardization; typical designs of products for industry applications (technical device, tool, etc.); rules of metrological support in the industry.
Standards of enterprises are developed and adopted by the enterprise itself. The objects of standardization in this case are the components of organization and production management. Standardization in an enterprise may also affect products manufactured by that enterprise.
The Federal Law “On Standardization” recommends the use of standardization at the enterprise for the development of state, international and regional standards, as well as for regulating requirements for raw materials, semi-finished products and other components purchased from other organizations.
Standards of public associations (scientific and technical societies, engineering societies, etc.) are regulatory documents developed for fundamentally new types of products, processes or services, advanced test methods, as well as for non-traditional technologies and principles of production management.
For business entities, the standards of public associations are an important source of information on first achievements and can be used on a voluntary basis in the development of enterprise standards.
Rules for standardization (PR) and recommendations for standardization (P) in their nature correspond to normative documents of methodological content. They may relate to the procedure for the approval of regulatory documents, the submission of information on accepted standards of industries, companies or any organizations to the State Standard of the Russian Federation, the creation of a standardization service at an enterprise, the rules for conducting state control over compliance with mandatory requirements of state standards, etc.
Technical specifications (TU) are developed by the enterprise (or other business entity) in the case when it is not practical to create a standard. Objects of technical specifications can be: products of one-time delivery, manufactured in small batches; works of art, etc.
In Russia, as in world practice, there are several types of standards that differ in the specifics of the object of standardization: fundamental standards; standards for products (services); standards for work (processes); standards for control methods (tests, measurements, analysis).
Fundamental standards govern organizational principles and regulations, requirements, rules and norms, which are regarded as common to various fields of science, technology and production. An example of fundamental standards is GOST R 1.0-92, GOST R 1.2-92, GOST R 1.4-93, GOST R 1.5–92 — regulatory documents on the organization of the State Standardization System in Russia.
Standards for products (services) establish requirements for specific types of work, such as development, production, operation, storage, transportation, repair and disposal.
Original message
